Which phase involves making initial observations of how a vehicle is being operated?

The phase that involves making initial observations of how a vehicle is being operated is the Vehicle in Motion phase. During this phase, law enforcement officers are assessing the driving behavior of a motorist before any interaction with the driver occurs.

Officers look for specific indicators that may suggest impaired driving, such as erratic lane changes, swerving, speeding, or failing to obey traffic signals. These observations serve as critical evidence that can justify a traffic stop for further investigation. The focus is on the driver's actions behind the wheel and the overall operation of the vehicle in real-time on the roadway.

The other phases, such as Personal Contact and Pre-arrest Screening, come afterward and are based on the findings and interactions that follow the initial observations made during the Vehicle in Motion phase.